Dunbar P. Birnie, III
Publication List

This file contains my present publication list (as of July 20, 2000). The papers are organized so that more recent papers are at the top of the list. If the title of the paper is highlighted then the Abstract is available for viewing by following that link. And, for some a full PDF file is available by clicking on the “Load PDF” button. Please limit downloads to one copy for personal use as provided by copyright restrictions.

I hope to fill in the abstract gaps in the future, but these additions will occur slowly, especially for older papers where I may not have an electronic version of the text.

If there are mistakes in any of the links or if you have any comments, then please e-mail me with this button.

• D. P. Birnie, III, “Optical Video Interpretation of Interference Colors from Thin Transparent Films on Silicon”, submitted to Thin Solid Films.
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. C. Weinberg, “Development of Anisotropic Particle Morphology in an Isotropically Transforming Matrix”, accepted, to appear, Physica A.
• D. E. Haas and D. P. Birnie, III, “Evaluation of Thermocapillary Driving Forces in the Development of Striations during the Spin Coating Process”, submitted to, J. Appl. Phys.
• D. P. Birnie, III, “Rational Solvent Selection Strategies to Combat Striation Formation during Spin Coating of Thin Films”, submitted to J. Materials Res.
• D. E. Haas and D. P. Birnie, III, “Real-Time Monitoring of Striation Development During Spin-On-Glass Deposition”, to appear: Proc. Am. Ceram. Soc. Symposium on Sol-Gel Processing, (2000).
• D. E. Haas, D. P. Birnie, III, M. J. Zecchino and J. T. Figueroa “The effect of radial position and spin-speed on striation spacing in SOG coatings”, submitted to Thin Solid Films.

• D. E. Haas, J. N. Quijada, S. J. Picone, and D. P. Birnie, III, “Effect of Solvent Evaporation Rate on “Skin” Formation During Spin Coating of Complex Solutions”, in Sol-Gel Optics V, B. S. Dunn, E. J. A. Pope, H. K. Schmidt, and M. Yamane Eds., Proc. SPIE 3943, 280-284 (2000).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Esterification Kinetics in Titanium Isopropoxide - Acetic Acid Solutions", J. Mater. Sci. 35, 367-374, (2000).
• M. Weinberg and D. Birnie, III, “Kinetics of Crystallization of Highly Anisotropic Particles”, in Proc. Int. Symp. On Crystallization in Glasses and Liquids, Glastech. Ber. Glass Sci. Technol. 73, C1, 129-137 (2000).
• M. C. Weinberg and D. P. Birnie, III, “Impacts of Growing Inclusions on Directional Crystallization”, J. Non-crystalline Solids, 243, 137-145 (1999).
• D. P. Birnie, III and N. J. Bendzko, "¹H and ¹³C NMR Analysis of the Reaction of Acetic Acid with Titanium Isopropoxide", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 59, 26-35 (1999).
• D. P. Birnie, III, M. H. Jilavi, T. Krajewski, and R. Nass, “The Effect of Barrier Layer Composition and Structure on the Crystallization of PZT Coatings on Silicon”, J. Sol-Gel Sci. and Techn. 13, 855-859 (1998).
• C. J. Rawn, D. P. Birnie, III, M. A. Bruck, J. H. Enemark, and R. S. Roth, "Structural Investigation of  Ba_6-3xLn_8+2xTi₁₈O₅₄ (x = 0.27, Ln = Sm) by Single Crystal  X-ray Diffraction in Space Group Pnma (No. 62)", J. Materials Research, 13, 187-196, (1998).
• M. C. Weinberg, D. P. Birnie, III, and V. A. Shneidman, "Crystallization Kinetics and the JMAK Equation", J. Non-Crystalline Solids,  219, (1997)  p 89-99
• D. P. Birnie, III, and M. C. Weinberg, "Significance of Heterogeneous Surface Growth in Up-Gradient and Stationary-Gradient Crystallization Methods",  J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 221, 1-9 (1997).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Combined Flow and Evaporation During Spin Coating of Complex Solutions", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 218, 174-178 (1997).
• F. K. Chai, J. R. Brews, R. D. Schrimpf, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Domain Switching and Spatial Dependence of Permittivity in Ferroelectric Thin Films", Journal of Applied Physics, 82, 2510-2516 (1997).
• F. K. Chai, J. R. Brews, R. D. Schrimpf, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Profiling of Electrical Doping Concentration in Ferroelectrics", Journal of Applied Physics, 82, 2517-2527 (1997).
• M. C. Weinberg and D. P. Birnie, III, "Avrami Exponents for Transformations Producing Anisotropic Particles", J. Non-Crystalline Solids., 202, 290-296 (1996).
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. C. Weinberg, "Transformation Kinetics in 1-D Processes with Continuous Nucleation: Comparison of Shielding and Phantom Effects", Physica A230, 484-498 (1996).
• M. C. Weinberg and D. P. Birnie, III, "Transformation Kinetics in 1-D Processes with Continuous Nucleation: The Effect of Shielding", J. Chem. Phys., 105, 5138-5144 (1996).
• F. K. Chai, R. D. Schrimpf, J. R. Brews, D. P. Birnie, III, K. F. Galloway, R. N. Vogt, and M. N. Orr, "Effects of Scaling Thickness and Niobium Doping Level on Ferroelectric Thin Film Capacitor Memory Operation", in International Electron Device Meeting, Technical Digest, IEEE, NY, 123-126 (1995).
• M. Hafid, H. El Qadim, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Nickel-induced Dielectric Relaxation in the Paraelectric Phase of PbZrO₃", Phase Transitions, 56, 205-210 (1996).
• D. J. Taylor, J. P. Cronin, L. F. Allard, Jr. and D. P. Birnie, III, "Microstructure of Laser-Fired, Sol-Gel-Derived Tungsten Oxide Films", Chemistry of Materials, 8, 1396-1401 (1996).
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. C. Weinberg, "Orientational Texture due to Random Anisotropic Growth in One Dimension", Scripta Mater., 35, 361-367 (1996).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Proton exchange in lithium niobate as an ambipolar diffusion process", Ferroelectrics, 185, 29-32 (1996).
• G. Teowee, S. Motakef, T. Bukowski, J. M. Boulton, D. P. Birnie, and D. R. Uhlmann, "Optical Losses in Sol-Gel Derived Lead Lanthanum Titanate Waveguides", Microelectronic Engineering, 29, 323-326 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III, R. N. Vogt, M. N. Orr, and J. R. Schifko, "Coating Uniformity and device applicability of spin coated sol-gel films", Microelectronic Engineering, 29, 189-192 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. C. Weinberg, "Shielding Effects in 1-D Transformation Kinetics" Physica A 223, 337-347 (1996).
• M. C. Weinberg and D. P. Birnie, III, "Transformation Kinetics of Anisotropic Particles in Thin Films", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 196, 334-338 (1996).
• D. P. Birnie, III and Manuel Manley, "Combined Flow and Evaporation of Fluid on a Spinning Disk", Physics of Fluids, 9, 870-875 (1997).
• C. J. Rawn, M. N. Orr, R. N. Vogt, D. P. Birnie, III, and R. D. Schrimpf, "Effect of RuO_x Bottom Electrode Annealing Temperature on Sol-Gel Derived PZT Capacitors", Integrated Ferroelectrics, 10, 309-318 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. C. Weinberg, "Kinetics of Transformation for Anisotropic Particles Including Shielding Effects", J. Chem. Phys., 103, 3742-3746 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Color Video Analysis for Microscopic Film Thickness Estimation", Optical Interference Coatings, '95, Technical Digest, WA1-WA3 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III, M. Manley, B. J. J. Zelinski, and S. M. Melpolder, "Process-Related Thickness Variations in Spin-On Interference Filters", Optical Interference Coatings, '95, Technical Digest, TD1-TD3 (1995).
• F. K. Chai, J. R. Brews, R. D. Schrimpf, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Limitations of the Uniform Effective Field Approximation due to Doping of Ferroelectric Thin Film Capacitors", J. Appl. Phys., 78, 4766-4775 (1995).
• E. K. Franke and D. P. Birnie, III, "Fibre Orientation During Spin Coating of Composite Solutions," J. Materials Sci. Lett., 14, 1807-1809 (1995).
• M. C. Weinberg and D. P. Birnie, III, "Transformation Kinetics for Randomly Oriented Anisotropic Particles", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 189, 161-166 (1995).
• F. K. Chai, J. R. Brews, R. D. Schrimpf, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Relating Local Electric Field in a Ferroelectric Capacitor to Externally Measurable Voltages," in ISAF '94, Proc. of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, R. K. Pandey, M. Liu, and A. Safari, Eds. IEEE, NY, 83-86 (1994).
• E. A. Kneer, D. P. Birnie, III, G. Teowee and J. C. Podlesny, "Effects of sol-gel PZT film thickness and electrode structure on the electrical behavior of Pt/PZT/Pt capacitors ", in ISAF '94, Proc. of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, R. K. Pandey, M. Liu, and A. Safari, Eds. IEEE, NY, 446-449 (1994).
• D. J. Taylor, D. P. Birnie, III, and B. D. Fabes, "Temperature Calculation for Laser Irradiated Sol-Gel Films on Oxide Substrates", J. Materials Research, 10, 1429-1434 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III, B. J. J. Zelinski, and D. L. Perry, "Infrared Observation of Evaporative Cooling During Spin Coating Processes", Optical Engineering, 34, 1782-1788 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "The Competition Between Heterogeneous Surface Growth and End-Seeded Directional Growth During Up-Gradient Crystallization", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 183, 126-134 (1995).
• S. J. Kim, D. P. Birnie, III, B. J. J. Zelinski, and D. R. Uhlmann, "Practical Limits on Up-Gradient Crystallization", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 181, 291-300 (1995).
• J. R. Schifko, E. A. Kneer, D. P. Birnie, III, R. D. Schrimpf, and G. Teowee, "Passivation of ferroelectric PZT capacitors using spin-on-glass," Integrated Ferroelectrics, 6, 121-128 (1995).
• E. A. Kneer, D. P. Birnie, III, R. D. Schrimpf, J. C. Podlesny, and G. Teowee, "Investigation of surface roughness and hillock formation on platinized substrates used for Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor fabrication", Integrated Ferroelectrics, 7, 61-73 (1995). Note: plates printed in color and bound at the end of volume 8.
• C. J. Rawn, E. A. Kneer, D. P. Birnie, III, M. N. Orr, R. D. Schrimpf, and G. Teowee, "Influence of Ti interfacial layers on the electrical and microstructural properties of sol-gel prepared PZT films," Integrated Ferroelectrics, 6, 111-119 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie III and M. C. Weinberg, "Two-Dimensional Model of Geometric Effects in Thin Film Crystal Orientation," J. Chem. Phys. 101, 4229-4235, (1994). Note: figure reprinted in 102, 1463 (1995).
• G. Teowee, J. M. Boulton, M. N. Orr, C. D. Baertlein, R. K. Wade, D. P. Birnie, III, and D. R. Uhlmann, "Effect of Zr/Ti ratio on the fatigue and retention behavior of sol-gel derived PZT films", MRS Symp. Proc. 310, Ferroelectric Thin Films III, 423-428 (1993).
• B. D. Fabes, D. P. Birnie, B. J. J. Zelinski, S. M. Melpolder, and M. J. Hanrahan, "Laser Processing of Multilayer Interference Filters," in Sol-Gel Processing and Applications, Y. A. Attia, Ed., Plenum Press, N.Y., 81-95 (1994).
• B. D. Fabes, D. P. Birnie III, and B. J. J. Zelinski, "Porosity and composition effects in sol-gel derived interference filters," Thin Solid Films, 254, 175-180 (1995).
• D. P. Birnie, III and P. F. Bordui, "Defect-Based Description of Lithium Diffusion into Lithium Niobate", J. Applied Physics, 76, 3422-3428 (1994).
• E. A. Kneer, D. P. Birnie, III, G. Teowee, and J. C. Podlesny, "Evolution of Surface Relief During Firing of PZT Thin Films", Ferroelectrics, 152, 67-72 (1994).
• C. J. Rawn and D. P. Birnie, III, "Solubility and Substitution of Fe₂O₃ in LiNbO₃", Ferroelectrics, 153, 291-296, (1994).
• S. C. Lee, G. Teowee, R. D. Schrimpf, D. P. Birnie, III, D. R. Uhlmann, and K. F. Galloway, "An I-V measurement method and its application for characterizing ferroelectric PZT thin films", Integrated Ferroelectrics, 4, 31-43 (1994).
• L. M. Senior and D. P. Birnie, III, "Accurately estimating vessel volume from profile illustrations", Amer. Antiquity, 60, 319-334 (1995).
• A. Aruchamy, S. J. Kim, D. P. Birnie, III, and D. R. Uhlmann, "Glass microstructure and initial crystallization of Pb_0.32Bi_1.68Sr_1.75Ca₂Cu₃O_x", J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 160, 60-67 (1993).
• D. P. Birnie, III, S. M. Melpolder, B. D. Fabes, B. J. J. Zelinski, and M. J. Hanrahan, "Laser Processing of Chemically Derived Dichroic Filters," Optical Engineering, 32, 2960-2965 (1993).
• G. Teowee, J. M. Boulton, E. A. Kneer, M. N. Orr, D. P. Birnie III, D. R. Uhlmann, S. C. Lee, K. F. Galloway, and R. D. Schrimpf, "Effect of Zr/Ti Stoichiometric Ratio on the Ferroelectric Properties of Sol-Gel Derived PZT Films," in ISAF '92: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, M. Liu, A. Safari, A. Kingon, and G. Haertling, Eds, IEEE, N.Y., 424-427 (1992).
• S. C. Lee, G. Teowee, R. D. Schrimpf, D. P. Birnie III, D. R. Uhlmann, and K. F. Galloway, "Fatigue Effect on the I-V Characteristics of Sol-Gel Derived PZT Thin Films," in ISAF '92: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, M. Liu, A. Safari, A. Kingon, and G. Haertling, Eds, IEEE, N.Y., 240-243 (1992).
• D. P. Birnie, III and G. L. Catchen, "High-temperature Hf-site-interchange chemistry in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃", J. Materials Research, 8, 1379-1386, (1993).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Solid solution effects in coupled order-disorder ferroelectrics" Ferroelectrics, 145, 221-234 (1993).
• D. P. Birnie, III, S. M. Melpolder, B. D. Fabes, B. J. J. Zelinski, M. J. Hanrahan, D. J. Taylor, and L. Weisenbach, "Laser processing of sol-gel derived multilayer interference filters", Proc. SPIE 1758, Sol-Gel Optics II, 630-637 (1992).
• S. J. Kim, D. P. Birnie, III, and D. R. Uhlmann, "Early stage microstructure development in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glasses", J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 76, 3087-3092 (1993).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "The Effect of a Partially Wetting Second Phase on Conduction", J. of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2, 75-80 (1993).
• S. C. Lee, G. Teowee, R. D. Schrimpf, D. P. Birnie, D. R. Uhlmann, and K. F. Galloway, "Low Total-Dose Radiation Effects on Sol-gel Derived PZT Thin Films", IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science NS39, 2036-2043 (1992).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Analysis of Diffusion in Lithium Niobate", J. Materials Science, 28, 302-315 (1993).
• D. P. Birnie, III, B. J. J. Zelinski, S. P. Marvel, S. M. Melpolder, and R. Roncone, "Film/Substrate/Vacuum-Chuck Interactions During Spin Coating", Optical Engineering, 31, 2012-2020 (1992).
• K. A. Rubin, D. P. Birnie, III, and M. Chen, "Effect of Multilayer Structure and Laser Pulse Width on the Reversible Cycling of Phase Change Optical Storage Media" Proc. SPIE 1663, Optical Data Storage, 311-314 (1992).
• K. A. Rubin, D. P. Birnie, III, and M. Chen, "Effect of Multilayer Structure and Laser Pulse Width on the Reversible Cycling of Phase Change Optical Storage Media" J. Applied Physics, 71, 3680-3687 (1992).
• D. P. Birnie, III, J. D. Weinberg, and D. G. Swanson, "Copper Vanadates as Candidate Materials for Phase Change Optical Memory", J. Materials Research, 7, 741-744 (1992).
• S. J. Kim, D. P. Birnie, III, A. Aruchamy, D. R. Uhlmann, O. H. El-Bayoumi, and M. J. Suscavage, "Phase Separation in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Melts During Quenching" Physica C, 191, 316-320 (1992).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Simple Estimate of the Li Disordering Energy in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃", J. Mat. Sci. Letters, 10, 978-980 (1991).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Model for the Ferroelectric Transition in Nonstoichiometric LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃", J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 74, 988-993, (1991).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Impurity Incorporation Mechanisms in LiNbO₃", in Chemistry of Electronic Ceramic Materials, P. K. Davies and R. S. Roth, Eds., NIST Spec. Pub. 804. pp.269-274 (1991).
• B. D. Fabes, D. J. Taylor, L. Weisenbach, M. M. Stuppi, D. L. Klein, L. J. Raymond, B. J. J. Zelinski, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Laser Processing of Channel Waveguide Structures in Sol-Gel Coatings", Proc. SPIE 1328, Sol-Gel Optics 319-328, (1990).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Determination of the Lithium Frenkel Energy in Lithium Tantalate", J. Appl. Phys. 69, 2485-2488, (1991).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "The Spontaneous Polarization as Evidence for Lithium Disordering in LiNbO₃", J. Mater. Res., 5, 1933-1939, (1990).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Migration Frequencies for Complex Diffusion Paths", J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 51, 1313-1321 (1990).
• L. A. Weller-Brophy, B. J. J. Zelinski, and D. P. Birnie, III, "Materials Challenges in Integrated Optical Recording Heads", Materials Research Society Bulletin, 15, 25-30 (1990).
• D. P. Birnie, III and D. R. Uhlmann, "Microstructure-Property-Processing Relationships in Microelectronic Thin Films", Ceramic Transactions 15, Materials and Processes for Microelectronic Systems, 503-525, (1990).
• D. P. Birnie, III and W. D. Kingery: "The Limit of Nonstoichiometry in Silicon Carbide", J. Mat. Sci. 25, 2827-2834 (1990).
• D. P. Birnie, III, "Criteria for Diffusion by a Site-Interchange Mechanism", J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 72, 1277-1279 (1989).
• D. P. Birnie, III; "Phase Change Materials for Optical Data Storage"; in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Materials, D. R. Uhlmann and D. R. Ulrich Eds. Wiley, New York, 475-490, (1992).
• D. P. Birnie, III; "Hydrogen Defects and Optical Damage in LiNbO₃", Proc. SPIE 968, Ceramics and Inorganic Crystals for Optics, Electro-Optics, and Nonlinear Conversion, 81-87, (1988).
• S. G. Boyer and D. P. Birnie, III; "Investigation of the Nb Rich Phase Boundary in LiNbO₃", Proc. SPIE 968, Ceramics and Inorganic Crystals for Optics, Electro-Optics, and Nonlinear Conversion, 73-80, (1988).
• D. P. Birnie, III, and W. D. Kingery: "The Influence of a Partially Wetting Liquid Phase on Creep", Ceramic Transactions 7, Sintering of Advanced Ceramics, 477-491, (1990).
• M. Fujimoto, D. P. Birnie, III, and W. D. Kingery: "High-Resolution TEM and STEM Study of a Quenched MgO-Monticellite Ceramic", J. of the Japanese Ceram. Soc., Special Issue on Microstructures. 94, 210-213 (1986).
• D. P. Birnie, III; W. C. Mackrodt; and W. D. Kingery: "Studies of Defect Formation in Silicon Carbide", in Nonstoichiometric Compounds, C. Catlow and W. Mackrodt, Eds. Advances in Ceramics 23, 571-584, (1987).
• D. P. Birnie, III: "A Model for Silicon Self Diffusion In Silicon Carbide: Anti-Site Defect Motion", J. Amer. Ceramic Soc. Comm. 69, c33-c35 (1986).
• D. P. Birnie, III and W. D. Kingery: "Quenching Solid Samples for High Temperature Equilibrium Measurement", J. Materials Sci. 20, 2193-2198 (1985).
• D. P. Birnie, III and M. D. Dyar: "Cooling Rate Calculations for Silicate Glasses", J. Geophysical Res. 91, D509-D513 (1986).
• M. D. Dyar and D. P. Birnie, III: "Quench Media Effects on Iron Partitioning and Ordering in a Lunar Glass", J. Non-Crystalline Solids 67, 397-412 (1984).
• L. Kaufman, B. Uhrenius, D. Birnie, and K. Taylor: "Coupled Pair Potential, Thermochemical and Phase Diagram Data for Transition Metal Binary Systems - VII", CALPHAD 8, 24-66 (1984).
• D. Birnie, E. S. Machlin, L. Kaufman, and K. Taylor: "Comparison of Pair Potential and Thermochemical Models of the Heat of Formation of BCC and FCC Alloys", CALPHAD 6, 93-126 (1982).
• L. Kaufman, F. Hayes, and D. Birnie: "Calculation of Quasibinary and Quasiternary Oxynitride Systems", a) High Temp.-High Press. 14, 619-631 (1982), and b) CALPHAD 5, 163-184 (1981).